The USS Bowfin, famously known as “The Pearl Harbor Avenger,” is one of the most legendary submarines to emerge from World War II. It was commissioned exactly one year after the attack on Pearl Harbor, and quickly established itself as a formidable force in the U.S. Navy. This war submarine served in numerous battles as it patrolled the ocean and aided the Allied Powers. Below, we’ve detailed everything you should know about the USS Bowfin Submarine.
The USS Bowfin was a Balao-class Fleet Submarine designed for long-range operations and integrated fleet missions. The United States Navy developed Balao-class submarines during World War II to travel vast distances across the Pacific and engage the Imperial Japanese Navy.
Engineers designed these submarines with enhanced durability and range, making them ideal for extended missions in hostile waters. Submarines like the USS Bowfin were critical for disrupting Japanese shipping routes and supporting Allied operations in the Pacific Theater.
Operationally, the Bowfin demonstrated impressive speed and range. It could travel at speeds of up to 20 knots on the surface and 9 knots while submerged, providing both agility in combat and the ability to evade enemy forces when necessary.
The “USS” part of USS Bowfin also tells us about its designation as a ship. The “USS” stands for “United States Ship,” which indicates that the U.S. Navy commissioned and operated the vessel.
During WWII, 80 crew members lived aboard the Bowfin at any given time. The living quarters were tight, and many bunk beds were stacked three high. Crew members often climbed over each other just to move around the submarine.
Like many warships, the USS Bowfin used various weapons to defend itself and engage in combat. These weapons included ten 21-inch torpedo tubes with 24 torpedoes, a 4-inch 50 caliber deck gun, and anti-aircraft guns. Interestingly, the USS Bowfin later switched the 4-inch 50 caliber deck gun for a 5-inch 25 caliber gun to easily hit a range of targets and offered better firing power.
The nickname “The Pearl Harbor Avenger” holds deep meaning, honoring the victims of the 1941 attack. Pearl Harbor terrified and devastated the nation as it was the first attack on U.S. soil. This attack launched North America into the War that many wanted to avoid joining for as long as possible.
On December 7, 1942, exactly one year after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the U.S. Navy commissioned the Bowfin submarine. The timing of this event made it a symbolic act of retaliation and determination to fight back against the enemy. By May 1, 1943, the USS Bowfin was ready to sail.
The vessel never lost a single crewmember during combat, a remarkable feat considering the risks submariners faced during patrols.
The USS Bowfin earned its reputation during its two years of active service in World War II from 1943 to 1945. During this period, the submarine completed nine war patrols, each full of high-stakes missions that showcased the skill and bravery of its crew. What stands out is the incredible record of sinking 44 enemy vessels, a testament to its effectiveness in combat.
During the Bowfin’s first patrol in August of 1943, it disrupted Japanese shipping routes and gathered intelligence in the Pacific. Additionally, the USS Bowfin sank four enemy vessels, including the Tsukushi Maru No.3 and the Tainan Maru.
On its ninth and final patrol from May 29 to July 4, 1945, the USS Bowfin operated in the Pacific near Japan. During this time, the submarine patrolled the Tsugaru Strait, a critical Japanese waterway used by shipping and supply vessels.
Over those 37 days, the Bowfin sank two Japanese ships: the Shizuka Maru (a cargo ship) and the Hakuyo Maru (a transport vessel). After completing its mission, the USS Bowfin returned to port in Guam, marking the end of its combat service in World War II.
Another thing to know about the USS Bowfin Submarine is that the end of WWII didn’t mean complete retirement. After its distinguished World War II service, the USS Bowfin briefly returned to active duty during the Korean War in the 1950s.
Given rapid advancements in submarine technology during the intervening years, the Bowfin had a limited role and did not see any combat. Instead, the submarine served in a training capacity. By 1954, the Bowfin was retired for the final time, marking the end of its operational service.
Decades after its final retirement, the USS Bowfin found a new purpose as a museum ship and war memorial. This Pearl Harbor memorial site opened in 1981 and remains docked so people worldwide can climb aboard and learn about its history.
The USS Bowfin’s transformation into a museum has made it essential to honor naval history. Visitors can explore the submarine’s interior, walking through the torpedo room and control room, which offer an authentic glimpse into life aboard a wartime vessel.
The USS Bowfin represents submariners’ courage, innovation, and sacrifices during one of history’s most challenging periods. Its impressive achievements solidify its standing as a symbol of World War II’s Pacific campaign.
Today, it continues to serve as a tribute to the bravery of all those who served aboard submarines, giving visitors an invaluable opportunity to reflect on the sacrifices made by these individuals. The Bowfin not only charts a remarkable history but also reminds us of the enduring spirit of those who fought to protect freedom.
The USS Bowfin Submarine Museum & Park offers an unforgettable experience that brings history to life. Explore the submarine’s interior through self-guided tours, or enhance your visit with a guided tour led by an expert who can share fascinating insights and stories.
Pearlharbortour.org provides convenient tour packages to help you explore the USS Bowfin and other iconic Pearl Harbor sites. After visiting the USS Bowfin, you might want to explore more, and we’re here to make it easy. Experience the USS Arizona Memorial Pearl Harbor tour and choose from packages that include transportation, tickets, and guided tours.
Don’t miss the chance to connect with history. Plan your visit today and experience the incredible legacy of the USS Bowfin firsthand!